河南省HIV/AIDS社会支持与社会适应能力现况

Current social support and social adaptation of HIV/AIDS patients in Henan province

目的分析河南省HIV/AIDS社会支持与社会适应能力的现状及其相关关系,为提高HIV/AIDS生活质量提供参考依据。方法采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,按照河南省18个地级市HIV/AIDS流行分布特点选择6个研究现场,包括驻马店市上蔡县和周口市沈丘县(高流行区)、驻马店市确山县和商丘市永城市(中流行区)、济源市和三门峡市(低流行区),以我国艾滋病防治基本信息系统中截至2017年河南省6个研究现场累计报告HIV/AIDS存活者为目标人群,根据估算样本量528例,采用随机数字表抽取研究对象。采用社会支持量表和社会适应能力量表,分别收集HIV/AIDS的客观支持、主观支持及支持的利用度3个维度、认知意愿、社会交往及角色适应3个维度的信息,分析其社会支持与社会适应能力的特点及相关关系。结果共调查506例HIV/AIDS,其社会支持总分为36.30±9.34,其中客观支持得分为7.48±3.01,主观支持得分为22.35±5.79,对支持的利用度得分为6.28±2.38,HIV/AIDS的社会支持总分及3个维度得分均低于全国常模分值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HIV/AIDS社会适应能力总分为39.10±7.10,其中认知意愿得分为9.96±3.23,社会交往得分为18.57±3.25,角色适应得分为10.57±2.52,HIV/AIDS的社会适应平均得分不足总分的2/3,认知意愿得分不足其维度总分的1/2。不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、职业、传播途径、症状数的HIV/AIDS在社会支持及社会适应能力得分的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HIV/AIDS社会支持与社会适应能力之间存在相关性(r=0.14,P<0.05)。结论HIV/AIDS存在社会支持和社会适应能力偏低的现状,社会支持可能为HIV/AIDS社会适应能力的促进因素。

Objective To understand the status quo of social support for and social adaptation of HIV/AIDS patients in Henan province, analyze the relationship between social support and social adaptation, and provide reference for improving the quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was adopted to select HIV/AIDS patients in high HIV prevalence areas (Shangcai, Shenqiu), middle epidemic areas (Queshan, Yongcheng), low prevalence areas (Jiyuan, Sanmenxia) in Henan province. A social support scale was used to investigate the three dimensions of objective support, subjective support and support utilization. A social adaptation scale was used to investigate the three dimensions of patient cognitive willingness, social interaction and role adaptation. Finally, the characteristics of the social support, social adaptation and their relationships were analyzed. Results The overall score of 506 HIV/AIDS patients' social support was 36.30±9.34, the score of objective support was 7.48±3.01, the score of subjective support was 22.35±5.79, and the score of support utilization was 6.28±2.38, the overall score and the scores of three dimensions of social support of HIV/AIDS patients were lower than the national levels, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The overall score of patients' social adaptation was 39.10±7.10, the score of cognitive willingness was 9.96±3.23, the score of social interaction was 18.57±3.25, and the score of role adaptation was 10.57±2.52. The average score of social adaptation of patients was less than 2/3 of the overall score, and the average cognitive willingness score was less than 1/2 of the overall score. The differences in social support score and social adaptation score among patients with different gender, age, marital status, occupation, transmission route, number of symptoms were statistically significant (P < 0.05). For the HIV/AIDS patients, there was a correlation between the social support and the social adaptation (r=0.14, P < 0.05). Conclusion HIV/AIDS patients had a low level of social support and social adaptation, and social support might be a contributing factor to the social adaptation of HIV/AIDS patients.