HIV-2检测方法学进展

Progress in HIV-2 detection methodology

实验室检测是HIV感染的诊断、监测和血液筛查的常规方法,是艾滋病早期诊断的主要依据。HIV分为HIV-1和HIV-2,HIV-1广泛分布全球各地,是造成全球艾滋病流行的主要原因,HIV-2主要分布于非洲西部,流行较为局限。我国从1998年陆续有HIV-2感染的报道,多为散发病例,绝大部分都是HIV-1/HIV-2混合感染。目前我国针对HIV-2检测的关注较少,国产可区分HIV-2的检测试剂也没有注册上市。目前HIV-2的检测方法主要是抗体检测和核酸检测,通过快速检测等方法进行初筛检测,免疫印迹试验(WB)和条带免疫试验(LIA)进行确认,依据HIV抗体检测结果确定是否感染HIV-2。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,核酸检测实验室诊断方法取得了很大进展。

Laboratory test is the routine method of diagnosis, monitoring and blood screening of HIV infection, and main basis for early diagnosis of AIDS. HIV is divided into HIV-1 and HIV-2 subtypes, HIV-1 infection is the major cause of AIDS pandemic, while HIV-2 infection occurs in limited areas in the world, mainly in West Africa. HIV-2 infection has been reported in China since 1998. They are sporadic cases, and mainly HIV-1/HIV-2 mixed infections. There are less concerns about HIV-2 detection in China at present, and domestic HIV-2 detection reagents have not come into the market. At present, the detection method of HIV-2 is mainly antibody test and nucleic acid test. The initial screening is through rapid test and other methods and the confirmation is depended on Western Blot and Line Immune Assay. According to the HIV antibody test results, HIV-2 infection is confirmed. With the rapid development of molecular biology, the diagnostic method of nucleic acid detection laboratory has made great progress.