湖北省湖泊现状与变化遥感研究

Remote Sensing Study on Present Situation and Change of Lakes in Hubei Province

湖北省是长江流域重要的湖泊分布区,由于河(江)湖关系自然演变和人类活动的双重影响,湖泊数量和湖泊面积变化都较大。本文利用时相为1975、2000、2007、2017年的卫星遥感影像作为基本信息源,借助GIS技术,调查研究了湖北省湖泊现状及变化情况。结果表明,2017年,湖北省域大、小天然湖泊共计808个(其中大于100km2的湖泊有4个),湖泊总面积(平水位)2776.96km2,湖泊面积总量大,数量多,但空间分布极度不匀;1975-2017年的40余年间,湖泊总面积共减少了129.88km2,年平均减少量为3.09km2;湖泊变化阶段性特征突出,前30余年湖泊面积消减,数量减少,后10年面积增加,数量增加,反映出近10年来湖泊湿地生态环境总体趋于良性演化。

Hubei province is an important lake distribution area in the Yangtze river Basin. Due to the natural influence of the natural evolution of rivers and lakes and human activities,the number and area of lakes have changed greatly. This paper uses remote sensing images of 1975,2000,2007 and 2017 as the basic information sources, and investigates the current situation and changes of lakes in Hubei Province by means of GIS technology. The results show that in 2017 there were 808 natural lakes in Hubei Province (including 4 lakes larger than 100 km2),and the total area of lakes (flat water level) was 2 776.96 km2,Although the number and total area of the lake are large, but the spatial distribution is extremely uneven. In the more than 40 years from 1975 to 2017, the area decreased by 129.88 km2, and the annual average reduction was 3.09 km2. The characteristics of lake changes are outstanding, in first 30 years, the area of lakes has been reduced and the number has decreased, in the last 10 years, the area increases, the number increases, it reflects that the ecological enviroment of lake wetlands tends to be improved in the past 10 years.