一种配合饲料替代杂鱼对三疣梭子蟹蜕壳生长、消化酶和免疫酶活力的影响

Effects of A Compound Feed Substitution for Trash Fish on the Molt, Growth, Digestive Enzyme and Immuno Enzyme Activities of Portunus trituberculatus

为探究自主开发的配合饲料替代杂鱼在三疣梭子蟹养殖中的可行性,采用配合饲料全替代杂鱼(M1)、配合饲料半替代杂鱼(M2)、全杂鱼(M3)3种饵料模式进行阶段性养殖试验,为该配合饲料的优化和应用提供科学依据。试验结果显示:在第一次蜕壳期间,M1幼蟹蜕壳周期显著长于M2和M3(P<0.05),3种饵料模式中的增重率无显著差异(P>0.05),但M1的特定生长率显著低于M2和M3(P<0.05);第二次蜕壳期间,无论是增重率还是特定生长率,M1均显著低于M2和M3组(P<0.05),而M2和M3却十分接近。第二次蜕壳后,3种饵料模式幼蟹的蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性均相近,无显著差异,但M1幼蟹的胃和肝胰腺的淀粉酶活性均显著高于M2和M3(P<0.05);M2幼蟹肝胰腺中的超氧化物歧化酶活性较高于M1和M3(P>0.05);M2和M3幼蟹血淋巴和肝胰腺中的过氧化氢酶活性相近且较高于M1组(P>0.05)。综上,本研究认为使用该配合饲料全替代杂鱼的模式显著影响了三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的生长速度,但使用该配合饲料部分替代杂鱼对幼蟹生长无显著影响,且一定程度上能提高幼蟹的免疫能力。

In order to explore the feasibility of using compound feed to replace the trash fish in the culture of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus, this study used the three types of feed modes of compound feed full replacement trash fish (M1), compound feed semi-replacement trash fish(M2) and whole trash fish (M3) for the stage culture experiment, which provided a scientific basis for the optimization and application of the compound feed. The results showed that during the first molting, the molting period of M1 young crabs was significantly longer than M2 and M3 (P<0.05), and there was no marked difference in weight gain rates among the three feeding models (P>0.05), but the specific growth rate of M1 was substantially lower than that of M2 and M3 (P<0.05). During the second molting, M1 was distinctly lower than M2 and M3 groups (P<0.05), regardless of weight gain rate or specific growth rate, while M2 and M3 were very close. After the second molting, the protease and lipase activities of the three feeding models of the young crabs were similar with no significant difference. The amylase activities of the stomach and hepatopancreas of M1 juvenile crabs were visibly higher than those of M2 and M3 (P<0.05). The superoxide dismutase activity in the hepatopancreas of M2 juvenile crab was higher than that of M1 and M3 (P>0.05). The catalase activity in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas of M2 and M3 young crabs was similar and higher than that in the M1 group (P>0.05). In summary, this study suggests that the full replacement feed mode obviously affects the growth rate of young crabs and is not yet feasible. However, the use of the compound feed to replace the trash fish to culture the P. trituberculatus has no noticeable impact on its growth, and can improve the immunity of the P. trituberculatus crab to some extent.