组蛋白修饰调控衰老过程的机制研究进展

Histone modifications in aging:Research progress

组蛋白(histone)是真核生物染色质的主要蛋白质组分,具有类型多样的翻译后共价修饰,包括乙酰化、甲基化、泛素化、SUMO化、磷酸化等.组蛋白修饰是表观遗传调控网络的重要组成部分,参与调控基因转录、DNA复制和损伤修复等基因组DNA相关的生物学过程.物种的寿命由物种基因组和基因组与环境的相互作用决定.最近的研究表明,组蛋白修饰在多种模式生物衰老过程中呈现动态变化,且特定组蛋白修饰的改变可以延长模式生物的寿命,从而有望为延缓衰老、预防和治疗衰老相关疾病的研究带来新思路.本文总结了近年来组蛋白修饰调控衰老过程的研究进展.

Histones are the major protein components of chromatin. Histones undergo abundant post-translational modifications. Histone modifications are critical to the genomic functions in eukaryotic cells, including gene expression and DNA replication and repair. The lifespan of an organism is determined by the genome and the interaction between the genome and environment. Moreover, emerging evidence has bolstered a causative role of epigenetic regulation in longevity determination in model organisms;however, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of the manner in which histone modification patterns change with age and the possible mechanism of lifespan regulation through histone modification.