汉语虚拟位移判定研究——基于特殊句式中的语义关系及词汇语义的动态性

Judgment of Mandarin Fictive Motion Based on Semantic Relations in Special Sentences and Dynamics of Lexical Semantics

虚拟位移是语言中普遍存在的重要现象,认知语言学理论借以证明其"意义即概念化"的语义观。汉语虚拟位移研究起步较晚,语言现象描写这一基本问题尚未完全解决,现有研究中存在比较严重的现象误判问题。句式和词汇语义是导致误判的主要因素。存在句和受事主语句等比较特殊的句式经常干扰虚拟位移现象判定;部分动词和路径介词在表达动态意义还是静态意义方面存在模糊性,从而影响虚拟位移现象判定。本文以虚拟位移现象的界定为准绳,分析汉语句式的特点、动词和路径介词的语义特征,着力解决现象描写这一汉语虚拟位移研究中的基本问题。

Fictive motion expressions are ubiquitous in language, which are employed by cognitive linguistic theories to support their view that "meaning is conceptualization."Starting relatively late, the researches on fictive motion expressions in Chinese are still being disturbed by the basic issue of phenomenon description. The inaccurate description of Chinese fictive motion expressions is mainly caused by the two factors of syntactic patterns and lexical meanings. Existential sentences and patient-subject sentences frequently interfere with the judgment of Chinese fictive motion expressions, and so does the obscurity of some verbs and path prepositions in expressing dynamicity or static state. In light of the definition of fictive motion expressions, the detailed investigation of the concerned syntactic patterns and the lexical meanings of Chinese verbs and path prepositions aims to solve the basic issue of phenomenon description in the study of Chinese fictive motion expressions.