旋转诱导轮缘密封不稳定流动特性及结构优化

Rotationally-induced unstable flow characteristics and structural optimization of rim seals

针对无主流非均匀压力场影响下旋转诱导轮缘密封非定常流动问题,采用经旋转封闭腔试验验证的大涡模拟方法,研究了封闭轮缘密封腔内流动的不稳定性,在此基础上针对典型轴向与径向密封和实际发动机中可见的斜向密封等3种结构进行非定常雷诺平均数值计算,研究了典型轮缘密封结构下密封区域瞬时流场特性,并采用快速傅里叶变换与互相关分析方法揭示了轮缘密封区域大尺度涡结构的动力学特性,最后给出了不同轮缘密封结构的旋转诱导封严特性及密封结构优化的启示.研究结果表明:旋转诱导轮缘密封流具有固有不稳定特性,在轮缘间隙区域产生了一系列大尺度涡结构,它们沿周向以低于转子的速度传播,旋涡频率、转速与个数取决于轮缘密封类型,总体上旋转诱导斜向密封的封严效率优于轴向与径向密封.

In view of rotationally-induced unsteady rim sealing flow issues in the absence of mainflow nonuniform pressure fields, the large eddy simulation method validated by the enclosed rotating cavity flow measurement was adopted to investigate the instability of the flow in the enclosed rim seal cavity. On this basis, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged numerical calculation was carried out for three structures: typical axial and radial rim seals as well as the chute seal that is visible in actual engines. The unsteady sealing flow characteristics for typical rim seal structures are investigated. The dynamic characteristics of the large-scale vortex structures in the rim seal region are revealed by fast Fourier transform and cross-correlation analysis methods. Finally, the rotationally-induced sealing characteristics for different rim seal structures and the enlightenment of the seal structure optimization are given. The results show that the rotationally-induced rim sealing flow has inherent instability characteristics;a series of large-scale vortex structures are generated in the rim clearance region, which propagate in the circumferential direction at a speed lower than the rotor, and the vortex frequency, number of revolutions and number of vortices depend on the rim seal type;overall, the chute rim seal has the highest rotationally-induced sealing effectiveness.