从“桃花源”看社会形态与景观韧性

LESSONS FROM THE SOCIAL FORM AND LANDSCAPE RESILIENCE OF THE PEACH BLOSSOM LAND

笔者首先从社会形态与景观韧性之间的关系入手展开探讨,提出多中心治理模式有利于提升景观韧性。接着对"桃花源"的社会治理模式与景观模式进行了分析,揭示出正是草根自治社会与可持续丰产景观共同塑造了这一虚构的理想世界。随后,笔者以古徽州地区为例,阐述了当地以家规、族规、民间信仰和伦理为主,皇权为辅的社会治理模式如何长期维护着这片富有韧性的美丽而丰产的可持续生态景观,使这处东南丘陵中的盆地得以成为远离自然灾害和战乱的"桃花源"。最后,笔者提出,虽然工业文明的出现导致中国大地上的秀山丽水逐渐丧失了韧性,但在生态文明理念指导下的美丽中国建设,尤其是美丽乡村建设正使得一处处新时代的"桃花源"得以重现。

This article firstly examines the relationship between social form and landscape resilience and argues that a polycentric governance model is conducive to enhancing landscape resilience. By analyzing the social governance model and the landscape pattern of the Peach Blossom Land, it reveals how this fictional world was ideally shaped by an autonomous grassroots society and sustainable productive landscape. The ancient Huizhou Region perfectly illustrates how a local social governance based on family disciplines, clan rules, folk beliefs, and ethics, supplemented by the imperial power, has maintained the resilience and sustainability of its beautiful and productive ecological landscape in a long term, making itself a Peach Blossom Land in the hilly area of Southeast China and free from natural disasters and wars. Finally, the author proposes that although the Industrial Civilization has undermined the resilience of China’s landscape, Peach Blossom Lands are now reemerging under the Beautiful China Construction and Ecological Civilization programs.