塔克拉玛干沙漠西南部的短命植物及其新记录种

Ephemeral Plants and Their Newly Recorded Species in the Southwest Taklimakan Desert

本文采用野外实地调查、标本整理及资料查阅的方法,研究塔克拉玛干沙漠西南部荒漠环境的短命植物,分析其种类组成、生活型特征(物候特性)和植物区系类型。结果:①研究区的短命植物种类有十字花科、禾本科、菊科、紫草科、茄科、车前科、罂粟科及牻牛儿苗科等8科21属的27种,其中十字花科有15种。新记录种有卷果涩荠、大蒜芥、蝎尾菊、偏穗雀麦、旱麦草、中亚天仙子、牻牛儿苗、垂果大蒜芥及砂蓝刺头等10种,占该区域短命植物的37%。②该区域短命植物生活史特征有夏性、冬性及春性。③该区域短命植物分别属于北温带分布、地中海-西亚至中亚分布、旧世界温带分布、世界分布及中亚分布,其中北温带分布及地中海-西亚至中亚分布的植物有15种,占研究区统计种类的51. 86%。该研究结果丰富了新疆南部特殊生境下的短命植物类群,为开发和保护该地区植物种质资源及揭示短命植物对不同生态环境的响应具有重要意义。

In this paper,the ephemeral plants growing in desert environment in the southwest Taklimakan Desert were studied by the means of field investigation,specimens of finishing and data access,and their species compositions,life history characters (phenological characters) and flora characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that:① The ephemeral plants including 27 species in 21 genera and 8 families in the study area were preliminarily identified,which were Brassicaceae,Asteraceae,Solanaceae,Geraniaceae,Papaveraceae,Plantaginaceae,Boraginaceae,and Poaceae,in which there were 15 species in Brassicaceae. There were also 10 newly recorded species,i.e.,the Malcolmia scorpioides,Sisymbrium altissimum,Koelpinia linearis,Rromus squarrosus,Eremopyrum triticeum,Hyoscyamus pusillus,Sisymbrium heteromallum,Echinops gmelinii,Erodium stephanianum and Cardaria draba,accounting for 37% of the ephemeral species in the study area.② The life cycle of the ephemeral plants in this area was characterized by spring ephemeral plant type,winter ephemeral plant type and summer ephemeral plant type.The low-altitude environment was mainly expressed by the winter ephemeral plant type and spring ephemeral plant type,and the high-altitude environment was expressed by the winter ephemeral plant type and summer ephemeral plant type.③ The ephemeral plants in the study area belonged to the distribution patterns of northern temperate zone,the zone from Mediterranean-West Asia to Central Asia,Old World temperate zone,world temperate and Central Asia. Among them 15 species belonged to the distribution patterns of northern temperate zone and the zone from Mediterranean-West Asia to Central Asia,and they accounted for 51. 86% of the total in the study area. Accordingly,especially the newly recorded species,enriched the database of plant genetic diversity in the special habitat of south Xinjiang,and also were of the important scientific significance for researching the response of ephemeral plants to different ecological environments.