微流控技术在脓毒症诊治中的应用进展

Advances of microfluidic technologies applied in diagnosis and treatment of sepsis

脓毒症是机体对感染的反应失调而导致危及生命的器官功能障碍,其病程进展快、病死率高、后遗症多发,早期诊断并及时治疗可提高患者生存率以及改善预后.降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)等生物标志物在脓毒症早期诊断中的应用研究较为广泛,但其特异性和敏感性都有局限性.微流控技术对一些生物标志物及病原微生物的检测不仅对脓毒症的早期诊断有较高的特异性和敏感性,对脓毒症患者病情严重程度及预后也有一定的评估价值,且检测方法快捷、准确,具有临床应用的可行性.本文通过对微流控技术在脓毒症诊治中的应用进展进行综述,以期论证微流控技术对早期诊断脓毒症的价值,并指导未来研究的改进方向.

Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It is characterized by rapid progression, high mortality, and frequent sequelae. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can improve patient survival and long-term prognosis. Biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been widely used in the early diagnosis of sepsis, but there still exist limitations on their specificity and sensitivity. Microfluidic technology was applied for the detection of some biomarkers and pathogenic microorganisms, not only because it has a higher specificity and sensitivity for the early diagnosis of sepsis, but also has a certain evaluation value for the severity of sepsis and the prognosis of patients. These quick and accurate methods have the feasibility of clinical application. To demonstrate the value of microfluidic technology for early diagnosis of sepsis and to guide the improvement of future research, the application of microfluidic technology in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis was reviewed in this article.