农村丧偶老年人社会支持体系研究——基于冀中L县百位老年人的实地调查

Research on the Social Support System of the Rural Widowed Elderly——Based on a Field Survey of 100 Older People in L County in Central Hebei Province

采用社会支持评定量表,对河北省中部(以下简称"冀中")地区L县百位农村丧偶老年人展开实地调查。研究发现:农村丧偶老年人的社会支持水平大大低于我国常模,且个体差异显著;社会支持各因子中,农村丧偶老年人的客观支持与主观支持状况差于对支持的利用度状况,表明农村丧偶老年人获得的外界客观支持与主观感受到的支持未充分达到自身可利用水平;此外,性别、年龄、居住形式等个人因素与农村丧偶老年人的社会支持水平具有显著相关关系。结合深度访谈,以现实问题为导向,基于个人、家庭与社会等影响因素,需要考虑从多层面完善农村丧偶老年人社会支持体系。

This paper used the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)to carry out a field survey on hundreds of rural widowed elderly in L County in central Hebei Province and found that the social support level of the widowed elderly in rural areas is much lower than the national norm,and significant differences exist among individuals.Besides,among the factors of social support,both objective and subjective support to the rural widowed elderly are worse than utilization of the support,which demonstrates that the objective support they have received and subjective support they feel cannot reach the level of availability.Furthermore,gender,age,living arrangements and other personal factors have a great bearing on the social support level of widowed elderly in rural areas.In-depth interview was also employed in this study.Oriented by practical problems and based on personal,family and social factors,we think it is necessary to improve the social support system for rural widowed elderly from multiple levels.