2017年惠州市某医院门诊小儿慢性咳嗽病因分析

Etiology analysis of chronic cough of children in outpatient department of Huizhou hospital in 2017

目的:探究儿童慢性咳嗽的病因分布。方法:选取在我院儿科门诊就诊的慢性咳嗽患儿1 888例,分析其慢性咳嗽的病因。结果:小儿慢性咳嗽的病因由高到低依次为变态反应性哮喘(49.2%)、咳嗽变异性哮喘(35.3%)、上气道咳嗽综合征(8.8%)和肺炎支原体感染(6.7%);<3岁患儿咳嗽病因变态反应性哮喘所占比例最高达60.9%,而3~6岁患儿咳嗽变异性哮喘比例最高达43.1%,7~12岁儿童变态反应性哮喘比例达47.7%;各年龄段的病因构成比存在差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:小儿慢性咳嗽病因中,第1位是变态反应性哮喘,其次病因依次为咳嗽变异性哮喘和上气道咳嗽综合征,不同年龄患儿慢性咳嗽的主要病因不同。

Objective: To explore the etiological distribution of chronic cough in children. Methods: 1 888 children with chronic cough admitted to the pediatric outpatient department of our hospital were selected. The causes of chronic cough were analyzed. Results: The causes of chronic cough in children were allergic asthma(49.2%), cough variant asthma(35.3%), upper airway cough syndrome(8.8%) and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection(6.7%). The proportion of allergic asthma caused by cough in children aged less than 3 years old was up to 60.9%, that of cough variant asthma in children aged 3~6 years old was up to 43.1%, and that of allergic asthma in children aged 7~12 years old was up to 47.7%. There were significant differences in etiological composition among different age groups(P<0.05). Conclusion: Allergic asthma is the first cause of chronic cough in children, followed by cough variant asthma and upper airway cough syndrome. The main causes of chronic cough vary with age.