广东省农贸市场兽药残留风险清单研究

Risk lists of veterinary drug residues in farmers’ markets of Guangdong province

目的调查广东省农贸市场动物性食品的质量安全状况,探索基于"清单式"风险管理的农贸市场食品安全监管新模式。方法以广东省为例,对农贸市场动物性食品风险品种开展针对性抽检,抽检范围覆盖21个地级市,采用标准方法对17项兽药残留进行检测,并根据农业部规定的动物性食品中药物残留标准限量判定从而识别风险因子,形成农贸市场食用农产品风险清单。结果抽检样品共212批次,检出兽药残留问题样品55批次,问题样品发现率为25.94%,主要问题样品类别为鱼类、贝类、虾类等水产品和蛋类。其中鱼类检出主要风险因子为孔雀石绿、氯霉素、硝基呋喃代谢物,虾类为氯霉素和硝基呋喃类代谢物,贝类为氯霉素,蛋类为氟苯尼考。结论通过对兽药残留风险因子进行分析,初步构建农贸市场兽药残留风险清单,为提高食品安全监管的针对性和靶向性提供科学依据。

Objective To investigate the quality and safety of animal-derived food in the farmers’ markets in Guangdong province, and to explore a new model of food safety supervision in the farmers’ market based on"list-based" risk management.Methods Taking Guangdong province as an example, the risk varieties of animal-derived food were targeted sampled from farmers’ markets, covering 21 prefecture-level cities.Totally 17 categories of veterinary drug residues were tested by standard methods, and risk factors were identified according to the standard limits of drug residues in animal-derived foods regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture to form a risk list of edible agricultural products in farmers’ markets.Results A total of 212 samples were sampled and 55 batches of veterinary drug residue problem samples were detected.The detected rate of problem sample was 25.94%.The main problem samples were fish, shellfish, shrimp and other aquatic products and eggs.The main risk factors for fish were malachite green, chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites, for shrimps were chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites, for shellfish was chloramphenicol, and for eggs was florfenicol.Conclusion Through the analysis of the risk factors of veterinary drug residues, the list of veterinary drug residues risk in the farmers’ markets is initially constructed, providing scientific basis for improving the pertinence and targeting of food safety supervision.