基于离散元软件的大豆垄上深松铲仿真试验分析

Simulation Analysis of Ridge Subsoiler of Soybean Based on Computer Discrete Element Software

为了合理优化大豆垄上深松铲的作业性能和作业效果,对传统大豆垄上圆弧式深松铲进行理论分析,通过分析深松铲正常作业时的耕作阻力以及对土壤的作用确定深松铲结构参数,并借助计算机离散元软件对深松铲进行仿真试验,研究深松铲结构参数对于其耕作阻力及土壤扰动面积的影响,从而优化深松铲结构。理论分析得到深松铲切削角范围为30°~60°,入土角范围为19°~23°。2因素5水平正交旋转组合离散元仿真试验得到:影响深松铲耕作阻力的主次因素为切削角、入土角;影响深松铲土壤扰动面积因素的主次顺序为深松铲切削角、入土角;理论上当深松铲切削角34.39°、入土角20.24°时,耕作阻力为804.799 N,扰动面积为418.42 mm^2。验证试验结果表明,优化后的深松铲与理论值相比,耕作阻力增加7.92%,土壤扰动面积增加7.54%,均与理论值偏差较小,仿真优化结果可靠。优化后的深松铲作业性能与作业效果优良,为大豆垄上深松铲的优化设计提供一定依据。

In order to optimize the performance and effect of the subsoiler which is used on the ridge, the paper took the arc-type subsoiler under the normal operation as an example to analyze the tillage resistance and the influence on soil to make sure the structure parameters of the subsoiler. Then using EDEM to do the simulation test on the subsoiler to work out how the structure parameters influenced the tillage resistance and the area of soil disturbance. In this way, the structure of the subsoiler can be optimized. Through the theoretical analysis, some parameters of the subsoiler can be made sure, for example, the range of the cutting angle was from 30° to 60° and the range of the penetration angle was from 19° to 23°. Through two-factor and five-level orthogonal rotating composite discrete element simulation test, the primary and secondary factors which influenced the tillage resistance can be found out. They were cutting angle and the penetration angle of the subsoiler. Based on the theory, when the cutting angle was 34.39° and the penetration angle was 20.24°, the tillage resistance should be 804.799 N and the disturbance area should be 418.42 mm^2. The result showed that compared with the theoretical value, the optimized tillage resistance increased by 7.92% and the soil disturbance area increased by 7.54%. It can be found that there was only slight difference between the theoretical one and the optimized one. So it proved that the optimization result was reliable. And the optimized stubble chopper had better operating performance and better operating effect. This paper can offer some basis to the optimum design for no-tillage machine parts.