劳动分工视角下农户生产环节外包行为异质性与成因

Heterogeneity and Causes of Farmer’s Production Link Outsourcing Behavior from the Perspective of Division of Labor

本文以专业化分工理论为基础,从服务需求方视角分析了粮食生产环节外包的发生机制,并对不同环节外包水平存在显著差异的原因进行探索。研究结果表明,农户是否购买环节外包服务是在充分权衡成本收益之后做出的理性决策。农户从事农业生产的机会成本以及与专业化供给方相比的劳动生产率差距是影响其生产环节外包成本收益的两大重要因素,机会成本增加、与专业化供给方劳动生产率差距的扩大都会增加农户生产环节外包的概率。而外包服务供求双方不同环节上相对劳动生产率差距不同则是不同环节外包水平差异的一个重要原因。因此,除了创造更多稳定的非农就业机会外,设计有效的农业生产创新激励机制,加大相应环节生产技术研发力度等也是进一步促进环节外包发展的有效方式。

Based on the theory of division of labor, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the outsourcing of grain production link from the perspective of service demand side, and further explores the reasons for the significant difference across different outsourcing levels.Results show that whether farmers purchase link outsourcing services are rational decisions after fully considering costs and benefits. The unit remuneration for non-agricultural employment and the labor productivity gap compared with the specialized supplier are the two major factors that affect the outsourcing costs and benefits of the production link. The increase of unit remuneration for non-agricultural employment and the expansion of the labor productivity gap with the specialized supplier will both increase the probability of the outsourcing. In addition, the different relative labor productivity in different links between outsourcing service providers and farmers is an important reason that leads todifferent outsourcing levels. Therefore, in addition to creating more stable non-agricultural employment opportunities, it is also an effective way to further promote the development of the link outsourcing by designing an effective incentive mechanism for agricultural production innovation and increasing the R&D of the production technology in the corresponding links.