易地扶贫搬迁、生计资本与农户收入不平等——来自陕南的证据

Relocation for Poverty Alleviation, Rural households’ Livelihood Capital and Income Inequality——Evidence from the Southern Shanxi Province

"十三五"易地扶贫搬迁既强调精准脱贫,又要避免落入"政策陷阱",在消除绝对贫困的同时谨防农户收入不平等导致的相对贫困风险。本文利用2015年的陕南入户调查数据,建立农户收入决定模型,探索农户收入水平的影响因素,并基于夏普利值过程进行收入不平等的回归分解,量化了各因素在不收入不平等上对收入不平等的贡献程度。结果表明,搬迁政策有效破解了"一方水土养不起一方人"的发展困境,在实现贫困户有效增收的同时也在一定程度加剧了低收入群体的收入差距;五大生计资本对农户收入水平的影响及收入不平等的贡献度也不尽相同,生计资本在不同收入水平上对收入不平等的影响通过政策因素得以强化。本文为后续加强精准施策和精细管理提供启示。

The "13th Five-year Plan" proposed the relocation for poverty alleviation as an important measure of targeted poverty alleviation. With the implementation of relocation to eliminate the absolute poverty, however, it is necessary to pay special attention to prevent "policy trap" caused by the enlargement of income inequality of rural household. This paper uses the first-hand survey data from the Southern Shanxi Province to establish a household income model to explore the determinants of income. Then, this paper conducts income inequality analysis based on the decomposition of the Shapley Value process to quantify the contribution of each factor to income inequality in different quantile. The results show that the relocation policy not only increases rural household’s income significantly, but also contributes to income inequality among the poor. Households’ livelihood capitals have different effects on both the increase of income and inequality. Moreover, the policy also strengthens the impacts of capital on income inequality.