农村宅基地退出前后农户福利测度及其动态变化——以浙江省德清县201户农户为例

The Measurement and Dynamic Changes of Farmers’ Welfare Before and After Rural Homestead Withdrawal——An EmpiricalAnalysis of 201 Farmers in the Homestead Reform Pilot, Deqing County

本文以宅基地制度改革试点县德清为研究对象,基于阿马蒂亚·森的可行能力原理,采用模糊评价法和Logistic回归模型,测度不同时期、不同安置模式下农户退出宅基地后的福利水平,分析农户福利影响因素。研究发现:(1)政府主导下整体推进的"村改居"宅基地退出,使农户综合福利水平上升,但农民身份的转换并未提高其经济福利,反而增加了融入城市的成本;(2)在不同的退出安置模式中,"住宅+货币"模式农户福利最高;(3)不同时期退出宅基地的农户福利水平不同,宅基地退出政策制定时应充分考虑纵向时间上的不公平性问题;(4)主动参与退出、家庭收入越高的农户对政策理解程度越高,抗风险能力越强,退出后福利越好;人均宅基地和家庭规模越大,退出后对补偿需求越高,面临的不确定性越大,退出后福利越差。

On the basis of Amartya Sen’s capability theory, a theoretical framework is established to analyze different farmers’ welfare with exiting modes and dynamic change using fuzzy evaluation method. Moreover the influencing factors of welfare are quantified by logistic regression. The results show that farmers’ comprehensive welfare has been improved after homestead withdrawal. Moreover, cash and in-kind is a widely acceptable resettlement pattern in terms of welfare improvement. Farmers who participate in the homestead pilot since 2015 are better off. Therefore, vertical equity, heterogeneity of households and alternative resettlement patterns should be fully considered in homestead withdrawal institutional innovation and decision making in the future.