农村集体经济组织“代表集体行使所有权”的法权关系界定

Definition of the Legal Relationship of Collective Economic Organizations “Exercise Ownership on Behalf of Peasant Collective”

农民集体所有是一种目的性的制度设计,其产权关系的模糊性是为了实现公有制的政治目的。界定农民集体和农村集体经济组织之间的法权关系,应重点考量两个要素:立足现行法律中关于二者角色和功能的规定;隔断破产风险,保障集体土地公有制不被危及。农民集体为集体所有权主体,农村集体经济组织为法定的集体所有权行使主体,二者之间形成法定信托关系。除依法不得转让的财产(包括集体土地所有权、部分林地使用权等)之外的集体财产均为信托财产,在信托关系下具有独立性,能够隔断集体经济组织经营管理可能带来的破产风险。信托的目的性有利于实现集体财产为农民集体所共同分享、使用、收益的目的,制约集体经济组织的功能异化与角色扭曲。

"Peasant collective ownership"is a kind of functional design,and its fuzziness is to realize the political purpose of public ownership.Peasant collective ownership is the main body of collective ownership,and rural collective economic organization is the legal subject of collective ownership exercise,which forms a legal trust relationship between the two.With the exception of property not transferable in accordance with the law(including collective land ownership,part of the right to use forest land,etc.),collective property is trust property and is independent under the trust relationship,can separate the collective economic organization management may bring bankruptcy risk.