中国海洋生态损害的制度根源及治理对策分析

On the Institutional Roots of Marine Ecological Damage and Its Countermeasures

海洋生态损害行为的产生与制度环境密不可分,本文围绕市场机制失灵-政府机制失灵-社会机制失灵的三元分析框架,探究中国海洋生态损害的制度根源,并在此基础上提出“三位一体”的海洋生态损害治理方案。海洋生态损害市场机制失灵强调海洋产权私有化困境及市场作用扭曲所带来的影响,政府机制失灵分析从制度激励视角出发,揭示中国过去以GDP为核心的晋升考核机制以及由此形成的各地区竞争格局给海洋环境带来的危害,社会机制失灵分析从社会治理的视角出发,强调海洋生态保护中社会力量的缺失与个体高昂的行动成本以及社会资本培育的不足紧密相关。鉴于此,本文提出构建排污权交易、绿色GDP考核和社会力量相结合“三位一体”的海洋生态损害治理架构。

The emergence of marine ecological damage behavior is inseparable from the institutional environment.This paper explores the institutional roots of China's marine ecological damage based on the failure of market mechanism-the failure of government mechanism-the failure of social mechanism,then we propose the"Trinity"Marine ecological damage management strategy.The failure of the market mechanism of marine ecological damage emphasizes the dilemma of privatization of marine property rights and the impact of the distortion of market functions.The analysis of the failure of the government mechanism from the perspective of institutional incentive reveals the harm to the Marine environment brought by China's past gdp-centered promotion and assessment mechanism and the resulting regional competition pattern.The analysis of the failure of social mechanisms from the perspective of social governance emphasizes that the lack of social power in marine ecological protection is closely related to the high cost of action and the lack of social capital cultivation.In view of this,it is proposed to construct a"Trinity”marine ecological damage governance framework that combines emissions trading,green GDP assessment and social forces.