国家高新区的设立能否推动城市产业结构优化升级?——基于PSM-DID方法的实证分析

Can the Establishment of National High-Tech Zones Improve and Upgrade the Urban Industrial Structure? An Empirical Analysis Based on the PSM-DID Method

国家高新区是推动高新技术产业发展和提升科技创新水平的重要载体,承载着促进产业结构优化升级的使命。基于当前我国依靠创新驱动的经济转型背景,文章采用2007~2015年285个地级及以上城市的面板数据,分别构建产业结构高级化和合理化指标,并运用倾向得分匹配双重差分法(PSM-DID)分析了国家高新区的设立对城市产业结构优化升级的影响。实证结果显示:第一,国家高新区显著推动了城市产业结构的高级化和合理化进程,该结果具有稳健性;第二,随着时间的推移,高新区对产业结构高级化的推动作用逐渐增强,对产业结构合理化的作用逐渐减弱;第三,城市发展水平会影响高新区设立对产业结构优化升级的政策效应,城市金融发展和财政支出水平的提高促进了高新区对产业结构高级化的影响,外商直接投资和第二产业发展水平的提高则促进了高新区对产业结构合理化的影响。因此,各地方政府可以通过加大对高新技术企业及其人才引进的支持力度,引导就业结构与产业结构相适应,以及增加财政支出、提升城市整体发展水平等途径,为国家高新区推动产业结构优化升级创造良好环境。

National high-tech zones are an important carrier for promoting the development of high-tech industries and scientific and technological innovation,and have the mission of improving and upgrading the industrial structure.Amidst the backdrop of China's current innovation-driven economic transformation,this paper uses the 2007-2015 panel data of 285 cities at and above the prefectural level to construct the indicators of industrial structural upgrading and rationalization respectively.It uses the PSM-DID method to analyze the impact of the establishment of national high-tech zones on the improvement and upgrading of the urban industrial structure.The empirical results show that firstly,national high-tech zones have significantly promoted the process of upgrading and rationalization of the urban industrial structure with robust results;secondly,with the passage of time,the role of high-tech zones in promoting the advancement of industrial structure has gradually increased and its role in rationalizing the industrial structure has gradually diminished;thirdly,the level of urban development will affect the policy effect of the establishment of high-tech zones on the improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.The improvement of urban financial development and financial expenditure level will promote the influence of high-tech zones on upgrading the industrial structure,while the improvement of foreign direct investment and the level of secondary industry development will promote the influence of high-tech zones on the rationalization of the industrial structure.Therefore,local governments can create a good environment for national high-tech zones to promote the improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure by in creasing their support for the introduction of high-tech enterprises and their talents,guiding the employment structure to adapt to the industrial structure,increasing financial expenditures,and improving the overall development level of the cities.