国内市场分割与生产率损失:基于企业进入退出视角的理论与实证研究

Domestic Market Segmentation and Productivity Loss: A Theoretical and Empirical Study Based on Firm Entry and Exit

文章分析市场分割的地区发展策略对企业进入退出的影响,通过总量生产率的静态和动态分解以及反事实分析方法测算市场分割导致的生产率损失。研究发现:(1)市场分割扭曲了企业优胜劣汰的市场选择机制,低效率企业由于市场分割的地方保护而继续存活;(2)市场分割抑制了企业进入退出的竞争效应对在位企业生产率水平的提升,同时扭曲进入企业的学习效应对生产率的影响;(3)市场分割阻碍了要素资源在企业间与部门间的自由流动,降低了资源再配置效应对总量生产率的贡献;(4)基于反事实分析发现,如果不存在市场分割,企业间与行业间的资源再配置效率分别提高0.018和0.016。研究结论表明,在现有的要素禀赋结构和企业生产率水平条件下,通过国内市场整合以改善资源配置可以使总量生产率水平提升0.32%和0.28%。文章对于实施区域协调发展战略、发挥国内市场整合的规模经济效应,进而提升资源配置效率、释放经济增长潜力具有一定的理论支撑和政策启示。

The paper analyzes the effect of the market segmentation development strategy on firm entry and exit,and then use the counterfactual-fact analysis method to measure the aggregate productivity loss of market segmentation by decomposing the aggregate productivity in terms of static and dynamic aspects.The empirical results show:(1)Market segmentation distorts the market selection mechanism which low productivity firms would survive as they are protected by market segmentation.(2)Market segmentation impedes the competitive effect of firm turnover on the productivity of incumbent and the leaning effect on the productivity of entrants.(3)Market segmentation impedes the free flow of factor resources intra-firms and intra-sectors which lowers the contribution of reallocation to aggregate productivity.(4)By employing the counterfactual-fact analysis,intra-firms and intra-industry reallocation would increase 0.018 and 0.016,respectively,if there is no market segmentation.The conclusions imply that aggregate productivity would increase 0.32%and 0.28%by the effect of market integration of the domestic market on reallocation of resources given the structure of factor endowment and firms'productivity.This paper has theory and policy implication for implementing the coordinated regional development strategy and scale economy of market integration will increase the efficiency of resources allocation and potential of economic development.