民主发展的逻辑:身份解放与机制建设——基于对英、法、中三国的比较研究

The Logic of Democratic Development: Emancipation and Mechanism Construction: Based on a Comparative Study of Britain, France, and China

文章认为,身份解放和机制建设的具体形式和先后顺序,决定了一个政治体民主发展的基本样式。身份解放指政治体成员在政治和法律层面不断走向身份平等的过程;机制建设指政治体成员逐渐拥有合法的制度化政治参与途径的过程,二者共同构成民主发展的两大基本支柱。理想型的民主发展,应当实现身份解放和机制建设的结合与匹配。优先完成核心民主机制建设的政治体,有机会通过相对和缓的改革逐步实现身份平等,从而构成“机制建设引领型的民主发展”;缺乏核心民主机制的政治体,则需要经过相对迅速的革命过程以完成身份解放,而后才有机会逐步进行机制建设,从而构成“身份解放引领型的民主发展”。

Emancipation means the process of political members moving toward identity equality at the political and legal levels.Mechanism construction refers to the process by which political members gradually own the institutional path to participate in politics.Emancipation and mechanism construction are two fundamental elements of democratic development.In different polities,the specific form and order of the emancipation and the mechanism construction are different,which determines the path of the democratic development of a polity.The ideal type of democratic development should combine and match emancipation and mechanism construction.The polity which has the core democratic mechanism has the chance to achieve emancipation by peaceful political reform.While polity without the core democratic mechanism is likely to experience political revolution first before conducting mechanism construction gradually.