法律教义是怎样产生的——基于后果主义视角的分析

How and Why the Legal Doctrine is Possible:An Consequentialism Approach

描述法律教义的创制过程,可以揭示法律教义背后的实践逻辑,进而掌握创制法律教义的工作原理。以刑法学中对故意杀人与故意伤害致死的司法识别作为例子,利用法律经济学的分析方法对其加以分析,在此过程中可以发现:由于犯罪的主观方面不可观察,故而"主客观相统一原则"在操作层面上必然表现为"客观统一主观",且由于所有实体法判断最终都要深入到证据法层面,故而"推定-反证模式"可以替代实体法上的要件识别。总而言之,坚持后果主义的规范立场,以功能解释取代道德解释,乃是深化和拓展刑法学研究乃至整个法学研究的必由之路。

Describing the creation process of doctrine can reveal the practical logic behind the doctrine, and then grasp the working principle of the doctrine creation. In this process, we can find that "the principle of unity of subjectivity and objectivity" must be manifested as "objectivity unifying subjectivity" at the operational level because the subjective aspect of crime is unobservable. Furthermore, since all substantive law judgments must finally go deeper into the level of evidence law, the "presumption-counterevidence model" can replace the elemental identification on the substantive law. In short, adhering to the normative stance of consequentialism and replacing moral interpretation with functional interpretation is the only way to deepen and expand the study of criminal law and even the entire legal study.