反思司法裁判中的后果考量

Reflection on the Consideration about Consequence in Adjudication

在当代中国的转型社会背景下,司法裁判中的后果考量已成为日益常见的现象。但是,既有的研究并没有对后果考量在司法裁判方法体系中的地位进行清晰界定。司法裁判之“后果”,主要指的是它可能影响的一般社会后果;“后果考量”可被区分为“后果主义”和“后果论证”(基于后果的论证)这两个维度。通过分析可以发现,无论是在法的发现还是在法的证立层面上,后果主义都无法一般性地成立,而后果论证可以为既有的法学方法所蕴含,至多只能在客观目的论证的框架内具有有限的独立性。所以,后果考量既不具有“元方法”的地位,亦非一种完全独立的新方法,尽管它值得被认真对待。

Consideration about consequence appears to be more and more normal in adjudication, especially in China’s transitional society. However, researchers at present have given no clear consideration about consequence in the system of judicial methods. "Consequence" of adjudication refers mainly to general social consequence it may bring about, and "consideration about consequence" can be divided into two dimensions, i.e.,"consequentialism" and "consequence-based arguments". It can be found through analysis that, on both levels of law-finding and legal justification consequentialism can not be established generally;consequencebased arguments can be covered by given legal methods, which at most own a limited independence in the framework of objective teleological argumentation. In short, consideration about consequence neither has a position of "meta-method" nor is completely a new method, though it is worth to be taken seriously.