性侵未成年人案件证明疑难问题研究——兼论我国刑事证明模式从印证到多元“求真”的制度转型

Resolving the Problem of Proving Child Sexual Abuse Cases: A Transition from the Corroboration Mode to the Multifold Criminal Proof Mode

性侵未成年人犯罪案件常呈现以被害人陈述为主要证据的特殊证据构造,在被告人拒绝作出有罪供述的情形,适用我国严格的印证证明模式容易导致案件追诉的失败。性侵未成年人犯罪的案件特征引起的证明难题具有普遍性。借鉴英美法系国家的证明方法,在性侵未成年人犯罪中,应建立“被害人陈述可信性”的证据审查标准,完善被害人陈述的取得与审查的程序机制以防范错案的发生。应当以特殊类型犯罪中刑事证明疑难问题的解决为契机,推动我国刑事证明制度从单一的“印证”模式逐步向印证为主体的多元“求真”路径转型。

In child sexual abuse cases, the main evidence is often the child victim’s testimony. When applying the corroboration mode of our criminal evidence law, the absence of the defendant’s confession would easily lead to the failure of the prosecution. The difficulty in proving the fact in child sexual abuse case is a world-wide problem. By learning from the common law countries’ proof path, it is advisable to establish the "trustworthiness standard" of victim’s testimony in child sexual abuse cases, and improve the procedural rules of obtaining and examining the victim’s testimony to prevent wrongful convictions. By solving this proof problem of this special type of crime, it is argued that we should take the opportunity to promote the transition from the corroboration mode to the multifold criminal proof mode.