法律解释的实践标准:以法律解释规则为中心

Practical Standard of Legal Interpretation: Centering on the Legal Interpretation Rules

法律解释运用的最大实践难题是欠缺解释的标准。传统解释方法位序理论难以满足现实裁判中解释标准的多元和开放性要求,裁判者需要立足我国司法实践发掘出指引不同解释方法运用并协调其冲突的法律解释规则。法律解释规则并非成文法规范,其主要功能是对裁判者的思维进行指引。在具体运用上,法律解释规则以解释要素的分类为前提,以指引裁判者思维为主要方式,依托立法文本、解释性文件、裁判经验及司法规律得以实现。现实司法中多类案件裁判都直接或间接将法律解释规则作为解释的实践标准。具体到“诽韩案”中,法官充分运用文义优先规则和解释融贯规则解决有关“直系血亲”的争议,并在此之下形成诸多具体要求。

Lack of standards is the biggest practical problem in legal interpretation. It is difficult for traditional interpretation theory to meet the requirements of interpretation standards with diversity and openness. The judge needs to find out legal interpretation rules that guide different interpretation methods application and coordinate their conflicts based on China s judicial practice. Legal interpretation rule is not statute, whose main function is to guide the judge s thinking. In terms of specific application, the rules of legal interpretation are based on the classification of interpretation elements and the guidance of judges thinking, relying on legislative texts, explanatory documents, judicial experience and judicial rules. In real judicature, many kinds of cases take interpretation rule as the practical standard directly or indirectly. In Libeling Han Case”, judge made full use of the literature priority rule and coherence of interpretation rule to settle the dispute concerning immediate blood relatives” and formed many specific requirements.