土地经营规模扩张有助于提升水稻生产效率吗？——基于上海市松江区家庭农场的分析

The Impact of Operational Farm Size on Rice Production Efficiency:An Analysis based on the Survey Data of Family Farms from Songjiang,Shanghai, China

本文基于上海市松江区945户家庭农场2007~2017年水稻生产的调查数据,利用超越对数随机前沿生产函数模型分析土地经营规模扩张对水稻生产效率的影响。研究结果表明,松江区家庭农场水稻实际产出水平基本接近理论预期的随机前沿生产边界,具有较高的生产效率;土地经营规模与水稻生产技术效率之间呈“倒U型”关系,过小或过大的土地经营规模都不利于提高水稻生产效率。未来中国农业经营应该坚持以农户家庭经营为主体,实现家庭经营、集体经营、合作经营和企业经营等多种经营方式共同发展。要在尊重中国农业小农户经营将长期存在的现实基础上,结合各地区经济社会发展水平和资源禀赋状况,从实际出发,走适度土地规模经营之路。

The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of operational farm size on rice production efficiency by using the stochastic frontier production function based on the survey data collected from 945 family farms in Songjiang from 2007 to 2017. The results show that the actual rice yield of Songjiang family farms is basically close to the theoretically expected stochastic production frontier, implying high production technical efficiency of those farms. The results also show that there is an inverted U-curved relationship between operational farm size and technical efficiency of rice production, and that only moderate scale of farm operation is conducive to improving technical efficiency and achieving optimal efficiency of rice production. In the future, China's main agricultural operation should adhere to household management as the main form, and realize the common development of household management, collective management, cooperative management and enterprise management, in order to improve China's agricultural efficiency. On the basis of the fact that small-scale farms will still exist in the foreseeable future in China, moderate scale of family farms should be operated according to different economic and social development levels and specific resources endowment across various regions in China.