恶性血液病的肿瘤免疫逃逸

Tumor immune escape in hematological malignancies

恶性血液病是一组起源于造血系统组织范畴内的恶性克隆性疾病,主要包括白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤等。许多分子及细胞机制使T淋巴细胞抗肿瘤功能丧失,导致肿瘤免疫逃逸,进一步发展为恶性血液病。肿瘤诱导的T淋巴细胞无能及T淋巴细胞耗竭亦为肿瘤患者的免疫逃逸机制。免疫学家对于肿瘤的免疫发病机制做了较多研究以攻克T淋巴细胞功能障碍难关,使免疫治疗成为治疗人类肿瘤的一种新的有效策略,该领域涵盖肿瘤疫苗、细胞因子治疗、供体淋巴细胞输注、免疫阻断剂及嵌合抗原受体T淋巴细胞免疫疗法等。该文就肿瘤免疫逃逸机制及效应T淋巴细胞做一简单综述并对免疫治疗进行介绍。

Hematological malignancies are a group of malignant clonal diseases which derive from the category of hematopoietic system tissues, mainly including leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, etc. Multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms cause the loss of anti-tumor function of T lymph cells, leading to tumor immune escape, which develops into hematological malignancies. Tumor-induced T lymph cell incompetence and T lymph cell depletion are also the mechanisms underlying immune escape in tumor patients. Immunologists have intensively investigated the immune pathogenesis of tumors and constantly overcome T lymph cell dysfunction, making immunotherapy a novel effective strategy for the treatment of human tumors. Immunotherapy covers tumor vaccine, cytokine therapy, donor lymph cell infusion, immunoblockers and CAR-T lymph cell therapy, etc. In this article, the immune escape mechanism of tumors and effector T lymph cells were briefly summarized, and immunotherapy was introduced.