开启中俄经贸合作新时代——中俄(苏)经贸合作七十年回顾与展望

Opening a New Era of China-Russian Economic and Trade Cooperation——Review and Prospect of China-Russia(the Soviet Union) Economic and Trade Cooperation in the Past 70 Years

本文以苏联解体为界,分别从中苏贸易和中俄贸易两个阶段论述两国经贸合作从无到有的曲折发展历程,揭示中(苏)俄经贸合作关系发展与两国政治外交关系演变的内在联系,分别从两国经贸合作的法律基础、合作机制、货物贸易与服务贸易、双向直接投资、两国边境地方合作等五个方面详细阐述70年来中俄经贸合作取得的巨大成就,强调目前中俄经贸合作已达到历史最好水平。展望未来,我们将继续恪守中俄合作的外交原则,同时也要与时俱进,不断创新,构建以规则为基础、以市场为导向的中俄经贸合作新模式。为此,需调整发展思路,由重项目转向重规则,弥补合作的制度短板。合作路径由单一的项目合作转向制度建设与项目合作双轮驱动,不断加强双边经贸合作的制度建设,改善营商环境,全面拓展两国在农业、服务贸易、制造业和高新技术等领域的合作,助力中俄经贸合作向高质量转变,为可持续发展提供长期制度性保障。

Taking the disintegration of the Soviet Union as the time node,this paper analyzes the tortuous development of China-Soviet and China-Russia economic and trade cooperation,and shows their tremendous achievements in terms of legal basis,cooperation mechanism,trade in goods and services,two-way direct investment and cooperation of border areas.Looking into the future,we will adhere to the diplomatic principles of China-Russia cooperation.At the same time,we must keep pace with the times,continue to innovate and build a new cooperation model which is rule-based and market-oriented.To this end,it is necessary to adjust the development ideas,attach greater importance to rules than to projects,and make up the institutional weaknesses of cooperation.In other words,the cooperation path must lay emphasis on system construction besides project cooperation.And we must continuously strengthen the system construction of bilateral economic and trade cooperation,improve the business environment,and comprehensively expand cooperation between the two countries in the fields of agriculture,service trade,manufacturing and high technology,which help to improve the quality of China-Russia economic and trade cooperation and provide long-term institutional guarantee for sustainable development.