羊昌河流域岩溶地下水水化学特征及影响因素分析

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Karst Groundwater in Yangchang River Basin

为探讨安顺市羊昌河流域岩溶地下水的水化学特征及其影响因素,综合运用描述性分析、聚类分析、因子分析对研究区28个地下水水样的水化学成分12项指标数据进行了系统分析。结果表明:研究区地下水的水化学类型以HCO3Ca·Mg型水为主,地下水的水化学成分具有良好的空间变异性;研究区地下水中pH值、NO3、F与其他指标的相关性较弱,其余指标间表现出不同程度的相关性;研究区地下水的化学成分受岩层矿物的风化-溶滤作用、白云岩的溶解、农业活动、工矿活动等因子的共同影响,这四个因子反映了地下水水化学成分77.918%的特征,其中岩层矿物的风化-溶滤作用为首要影响因子;研究区地下水中总硬度、Ca^2+、TDS、HCO3、SO^2-4、Cl^-、Na^+、K^+主要受岩层矿物的风化-溶滤作用的影响,地下水中Mg^2+主要受白云岩溶解的影响,地下水中NO3主要受农业活动的影响,地下水中F-主要受工矿活动的影响。

In order to explore the hydrochemical characteristics and influencing factors of karst basin of Yangchang River in Anshun City,this paper applies descriptive analysis,cluster analysis and factor analysis to systematically analyzing 12 indicators of 28 groups of water samples in the study area.The results show that the groundwater chemical type in the study area is dominated by HCO3-Ca·Mg type,and the groundwater chemical composition has good spatial variability.The pH,NO3^-,and F^- in this area are weakly correlated with other indicators,and the other indicators show different degrees of correlation.The chemical composition of groundwater is affected by the weathering-solubilization of rock minerals,the dissolution of dolomite,agricultural activities,industrial and mining activities,etc.These four factors reflect the characteristics of the groundwater chemical composition of 77.918% of which the weathering of rock minerals-lysis is the primary influencing factor.The total hardness of groundwater,Ca^+,TDS,HCO - 3,SO 2- 4,Cl^-,Na^+,and K^+ are mainly affected by the weathering-solubilization of rock minerals.Mg^2+ is mainly affected by the dissolution of dolomite,NO - 3 is mainly affected by agricultural activities,and F^- is mainly affected by industrial and mining activities.