中美法律职业资格考试的比较分析——以法律职业伦理考核为视角

A Comparative Study on the Chinese and American Legal Qualification Examinations from the Perspective of Legal Ethics Assessment

为考核申请法律职业人员是否具备法律职业伦理要求、检验法学职业教育效果和应对律师职业危机,我国在国家统一法律职业资格考试中设置了法律职业伦理考核。我国法律职业伦理考试是行政机关主导的国家考试,综合考核理论实务,采用多种题型。美国法律职业伦理考试是第三方机构与行业协会合作开发的联考,属于律师资格考试的前置性考试,采用单一客观题形式,考核实际应用。借鉴美国法律职业伦理考试的经验,可从完善法律职业伦理试题库和案例库、改变法律职业伦理考试的形式和计分方式、采用案例分析题并与法学教育做好衔接等方面,逐步完善我国法律职业伦理考核。

To assess legal ethics of the applicants for legal professional, to test the effectiveness of legal ethics education and to deal the professional crisis of lawyers, it is objectively required that legal professional responsibility examination(LPRE)must bear the heavy responsibility of selecting qualified legal practitioner. The Chinese LPRE is a unified examination organized by the judicial administration, focused on the legal theories and practice with several kinds of multi-choices questions. The American LPRE is a joint examination organized by"the third party"cooperated with American professional association, focused on the legal practice with one kind of multiple choice questions. Drawing on the experience of the American LPRE, the Chinese LPRE will be gradually improved by perfecting the LPRE’s item banks and cases, changing the LPRE’s forms and scoring methods,adopting the case-analysis items and making a good connection with legal education.