儒学现代化的前置性问题与困境反思

The Prerequisite Issues and Reflection on Modernizing Confucianism

儒家的成功之处在于它在农耕文明时代提供了一套很实用的以家族管理为重点的形而下社会管理制度,这很大程度上掩盖了儒家形而上宗教层面的不足;但是现代工商业文明冲击了传统儒家赖以生存的社会基础土壤,儒家传统的制度之礼大多数在现代社会失去原初作用;形而上学瓶颈、现代化冲击、国民文化(教育)水平偏低,是当代中国儒家复兴的“三重困境”,当代儒家复兴,既体现了对现代性的反思,又有走偏的一面。儒家未来有这么几种可能的结果:发展为佛教或基督教等“彼岸世界”描述得很详细的“纯宗教”的附庸,或者发展为一种以宗教形式表达的民族主义,并把中华民族带进极端情绪,或者发展为一种“角色伦理学”,或者发展为纯学术理论,或者发展为一种生活情趣。

The success of Confucianism lies in that it provides a set of practical social management system focusing on family management in the era of agricultural civilization, which largely conceals the deficiencies of Confucian metaphysical religion. However, modern industrial and commercial civilization has impacted the social foundation on which traditional Confucianism depends for its survival, and most of the rituals of Confucian traditional system are losing its original function in modern society. The bottleneck of metaphysics, the impact of modernization and the low level of national culture (education) are the “triple dilemma” of the revival of Confucianism in contemporary China. The revival of Confucianism reflects both reflection on modernity and deviation.In this paper it is hold that there are several possible outcomes for the future of Confucianism: maybe it could develop into a very detailed appendage of “pure religion” described by “the other world” such as Buddhism or Christianity, or maybe it could develop into a nationalism expressed in the form of religion which would bring Chinese nation into extreme emotions, or it could develope into a “role ethics”, or a pure academic theory, or an interest of life.