城镇化进程中流动人口就业影响因素与就业选择——分层异质视角下多元选择模型的实证分析

Factors Affecting Employment of Floating Population in the Process of Urbanisation and Employment Choice: Empirical Analysis of Multivariate Selection Model from the Perspective of Stratified Heterogeneity

流动人口就业在城镇化推进中不仅受制于城乡二元经济结构以及户籍制度等因素的影响,其就业选择还存在诸多掣肘。本文基于中国流动人口动态监测数据,利用分层多元选择模型,从分层异质视角研究中国流动人口就业影响因素与就业选择。研究发现:不同就业身份流动人口拥有的资源禀赋存在明显差异,流动人口就业选择受个体层次与社区层次因素影响,具有明显的分层聚类性;流动人口的资源禀赋存在明显的代际差异,对其就业选择会产生不同的影响,老一代流动人口偏向于创业型就业,而新生代流动人口偏向于务工型就业,不同代际流动人口就业选择的影响因素也存在明显差别。因此,解决流动人口的就业问题需根据不同的群体特征,分类引导,制定不同就业促进机制。

The employment of floating population in the process of urbanization is not only affected by the dual economic structure of urban and rural areas and the household registration system,but also has many constraints on its employment choice.Based on the dynamic monitoring data of China′s floating population,this paper studies the influencing factors and employment choices of China′s floating population from the perspective of stratified heterogeneity by using the stratified multiple choice model.The study finds that there are obvious differences in resource endowment of floating population with different employment status,the employment choice of floating population is influenced by the factors of individual level and community level,and has obvious hierarchical clustering;there are obvious intergenerational differences in resource endowment of floating population,which will have different effects on their employment choice:the generation of floating population tends to be entrepreneurship-oriented employment,while the new generation of floating population tends to work-oriented employment;there are also significant differences in the influence factors of employment choice among different generations of floating population.Therefore,in order to solve the employment problem of the floating population,different employment promotion mechanisms should be formulated according to the different characteristics of different groups.