中国成年人抑郁症状的社会经济梯度研究——基于“中国家庭追踪调查”2014年和2016年数据

Socioeconomic Gradients in Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Adults——Evidence from the 2014-2016 China Family Panel Studies Data

基于“中国家庭追踪调查”(CFPS)2014年和2016年数据,探讨中国成年人抑郁程度的分布情况及抑郁水平和社会经济地位(个人受教育程度、人均家庭年收入和人均家庭净资产)之间的关系。研究发现,在中国18岁及以上的成年人当中,抑郁的发生率较高(其中23.4%的人有抑郁症状,4.6%的人患有抑郁症);个人受教育年限、人均家庭收入和人均家庭净资产越高,则其抑郁水平越低;通过Wagstaff分解法分析各类因素对和收入相关的抑郁不平等的贡献发现,受教育年限、人均家庭收入和人均家庭净资产对抑郁不平等的贡献率依次为23%、22%和33%。此外,社会经济地位对抑郁水平的影响存在群体异质性:不同社会经济地位群体之间的抑郁水平差异随着年龄的增长而逐渐扩大,呈现出发散趋势;女性和农业户籍者通过教育获得的精神健康回报要高于男性和非农业户籍者。

Using data from the 2014-2016 China Family Panel Studies, this study investigates the prevalence of depressive symptoms among adults in China and examines the relationship between depression and SES factors such as education, income (household income per capita) and wealth (net household asset per capita). The results reveal that the prevalence of depression, estimated with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), is high (23.4% for depressive symptoms and 4.6% for depression in 2016) and unevenly distributed across socioeconomic status. Specifically, higher levels of education, income and wealth are associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Employing the Wagstaff decomposition method, it shows that education, income and wealth account for 23%, 22% and 33%, respectively, of income-related disparities in depressive symptoms. In addition, it shows the divergence in mental health differentials with age by SES, and suggests that education contributes more to mitigating depressive symptoms among women and agricultural Hukou holders than among men and non-agricultural Hukou holders.