基于EMTP-ATP的风力发电机雷电电磁暂态特性分析

Analysis of lightning electromagnetic transient characteristics for wind-driven generator based on EMTP-ATP

为解决风力发电机组雷电暂态过程研究的问题,本文根据雷电流在风机系统内的流通路径,利用EMTP-ATP软件建立了单台风机系统一体化电路暂态仿真模型以及整个风电场电路暂态模型,分析了各部件模型的建立过程与模型中参数的计算方法。该模型将雷电流在风机系统内的传播路径立体地集成在一起,反映雷电流在风机系统各部件内传播时的暂态特性。基于风机系统的一体化电路暂态模型,研究了风机叶片、机舱、塔筒和变压器等部件的雷电暂态特性,并分析了电缆屏蔽层接地方式等因素对风机雷电暂态特性的影响。研究表明塔筒-线芯间的过电压在线芯的上下两端达到最大;电缆金属屏蔽层能有效降低塔筒-线芯间的感应过电压与线芯的雷电流,感应过电压的抑制比可以达到41%,线芯雷电流抑制比可达60%;此外,屏蔽层的接地方式采用两端接地时感应过电压幅值最小。

In order to solve the problem of lightning transient process research of wind turbines,based on the circulation path of lightning current in the fan system,the transient simulation model of the integrated circuit of the single fan system and the transient model of the whole wind farm circuit are established by using EMTP-ATP software.The establishment process of each component model and the calculation method of parameters in the model are analyzed.The model can stereoscopically integrate the propagation path of lightning current within the fan system to reflect the transient characteristics of the lightning current propagating within various components of the fan system.Based on the transient circuit model of the integrated circuit of the fan system,the transient characteristics of the wind turbine blades,the nacelle,the tower barrel and the transformer are studied and the influence of the cable shielding grounding method on the transient characteristics of the wind turbine is analyzed.The results show that the overvoltage between the tower barrel and the core reaches the maximum at both ends of the core;the metal shield layer of cable can effectively reduce the induced overvoltage and the lightning current between the tower barrel and the core.The suppression ratio of the induced overvoltage can reach 41%,and the lightning current suppression ratio of the core can reach 60%.In addition,the grounding method of the shielding layer adopts the minimum amplitude of induced overvoltage when grounding at both ends.