“魁阁时期”燕京学派的经济人类学研究探析

The Analysis of the Economic-Anthropological Studies by the Yenching School during the “Kuige” Period

20世纪40年代由费孝通主持的云南大学-燕京大学社会学实地调查工作站曾经出现过一批以城乡经济转型为主题的研究。由于这批成果,这一时期被认为是中国社会学人类学的一个高峰。实际上这些著作构成了一种颇具特色的中国经济人类学。它们的主要特点是关注村落与外部世界市场之间的并接,从经济实践、社会组织和社会心态三个方面展开对乡村社会转型的分析。它们同时有别于形式论和实质论的经济学,既强调要保护社会,也要引导社会去接受市场。其背后的比较框架来自托尼的启发。费孝通在思考中国乡村的现代转型时,将托尼的英国乡村工业经济史作为参照,并把这一问题意识带到了工作站的学术讨论中。

In the 1940s, a series of studies about the urban-rural economic transformations were car-ried out by the Yenching-Yunnan Station for Sociological Research, which was led by Fei Xiaotong. With rich academic outputs, this period is considered a peak of Chinese sociology and anthropology. In fact, the works from this research station have established a form of Chinese economic anthropology with unique features. They focused on the conjunction between the village and theglobal market, through analyzing the modern transformation of rural society from three aspects: the economic practice, the social organization, and the social psychological status. With the goal that not only protecting society, but also helping society to adapt to the global market, Fei and his colleagues in the station differfrom the economic formalism approach as B. Malinowski challenged nor the economic substance approach as Malinowski employed. Their works have a comparative framework which rooted in R.H. Tawney. Fei had brought Tawney's idea into their academic discussion in the research station when sharing his thoughts about Chinese village modernization with the members.