集体行动的形成:一个文化视角的理论模型

The Making of Collective Action:A Theoretical Model from Culture Perspective

借鉴文化社会学理论,本文尝试厘清与批判社会运动研究的文化面向,并提出一个文化的理论模型来解释集体行动的形成过程。主流框架建构论强调集体行动动员的思想观念基础。然而,它却走向了忽视结构约束的意志决定论,文化仅仅成了集体行动参与者策略动员的工具箱资源。基于此,本文引入经典社会学中文化作为规范系统的观念,将其概念化为集体行动形成过程中的结构性因素。这一理论模型认为集体行动是特定制度情境下作为规范系统的文化与作为工具箱的文化互动共生的产物,阐述了两者互动过程中的理论机制。本文以这一理论模型为参照框架,重新审视了裴宜理1922年安源大罢工的研究。最后反思了这一理论模型。

Based on the insights from cultural sociology, this article clarifies and criticizes the cultural dimension of social movement research, proposing a theoretical model based on culture to explain the making of collective action. The framing analysis emphasizes the ideational base of collective action mobili-zation. However, it leads to voluntarism because of its ignorance of structural constraints. In the eye of framing analysis, culture is only treated as resources in the toolkit to realize the effective mobilization strategies. Given this, this article reintroduces the culture as a normative system in the classic sociology, conceptualizing it as a structural constraint in the making of collective action. This model argues that collective action is the product of the mutual interaction between the culture as a normative system and as a tool kit, illustrating a few theoretical mechanisms ofthis interaction. Furthermore, this article uses this model to reexamine Perry's study on 1922 Anyuan Strike. In conclusion, this article reflects on this model and discusses its implications.