政策落实、农户参与和脱贫增收的山区治贫有效性研究

Validation Studies on Policy Implementation, Farmer Participation and Poverty Alleviation of Poverty Governance in Mountain Areas

山区脱贫何以困难重重?新一轮退耕还林政策的推行及参与能否助力山区农户脱贫增收?基于贵州省贫困山区新一轮退耕还林的6个嵌入性案例的研究发现:新一轮退耕还林对促进贫困地区农户脱贫增收具有较大潜力。现实经验表明,参与新一轮退耕还林有助于增加贫困农户转移性收入、提高农地利用率和生产效率,有利于开发式扶贫产业的建立和扶贫资源的精准瞄准与传递。但在实践过程中,新一轮退耕还林的发展还存在农户抗风险能力弱、政府组织能力差异大、多元参与主体缺失等复杂的管理问题。只有在满足一定条件(因地制宜的退耕树种选择、高效的项目管理和组织能力、合理科学的项目规划与布局、多元主体的共同参与等)的基础上,参与新一轮退耕还林才能成为山区农户脱贫增收的有效途径。本研究能为贫困山区在如何利用新一轮退耕还林政策实现脱贫增收方面提供一定的经验借鉴和方向指导。

Why is it difficult to get rid of poverty in mountainous areas? Can farmers lift poverty and increase income after the implementation and participation of the new round of returning farmland to forests(NRFF)?Based on six embedded cases of NRFF in poor mountainous areas of Guizhou Province, the study found that:NRFF has great potential to promote poverty alleviation and income increase for farmers in poverty-stricken areas. The practical experience shows that, it is helpful for farmers to increase the transfer income, increase utilization rate of agricultural land and production efficiency and conducive to the establishment of development-oriented poverty alleviation industries and the precise targeting and transmission of poverty alleviation resources after join NRFF. However, there still exist complex management problems in the develop of NRFF,such as weak anti-risk ability of farmers, large differences in government organizational capabilities, and lack of multiple participants. Only on the basis of satisfying certain conditions(locally adapted tree species selection,efficient project management and organizational capabilities, rational and scientific project planning and layout,and mutual participation of multiple subjects) can participation in NRFF become an effective way for farmers in mountainous areas to get rid of poverty and increase their income. This study can provide some helpful experience and direction guidance for poverty-stricken mountainous areas in how to use NRFF policy to achieve poverty alleviation and income increase.