政府购买公共服务有效性及其影响因素研究——基于153个政府购买公共服务案例的探索

Study on the Effectiveness and Influence Factors of Government Buying Public Services——Based on an Analysis of 153 Cases during the Period of 2007—2017

自新公共管理运动兴起,政府购买公共服务日益成为世界范围内政府提供公共服务的基本手段,但不断涌现的"逆合同外包"现象也证明了引入市场机制提供公共服务的复杂性。为此,基于我国各地政府与第三方机构协力评价且已结项的公共服务购买案例,在获取有效性评价数据基础上,实证检验我国公共服务购买有效性及其影响因素。研究发现,公共服务购买一味追求"纯粹的市场"、"纯粹的社会"的做法,未必有利于公共服务购买有效性的提升;政府购买仅将公共服务"生产"社会化,却未将政府"供给责任社会化";公共服务购买应考虑合适领域,选择"富矿区"展开购买活动,对于一购买就失败的"贫矿区"要敬而远之。本研究也回应了"逆合同外包"现象,为转型期"中国式公共服务购买"提供了现实参照和一种理论阐释。

Since the spring-up of the new public management movement, public service outsourcing has increasingly become the basic mean for government to provide public services worldwide. However, the emerging phenomenon of "reverse contracting" or "contracting back in" proves the complexity of introducing market mechanisms to provide public services. In this paper, the effectiveness of buying public services in China and its influencing factors are empirically tested on the basis of the existing evaluation data, which derives from the cases of buying public services that have been evaluated jointly by the government and the third-party institutions and have been concluded in reality. Results indicate that the blind pursuit of "pure market" and "pure society" in the purchase of public services may not be effective. Government purchase only socializes the "production" of public services, but not the "supply responsibility". Government must consider appropriate fields and choose the "rich mining area" in the purchase of public services, while the "poor mining area" should be avoided if it always fails. The main value of this paper lies in responding to the phenomenon of "reverse contracting" and providing realistic reference and theoretical explanation for "Chinese public service purchase" in the transitional period.