从地方探索到中央推广:政府创新扩散的影响机制——基于36个案例的清晰集定性比较分析

From Local Exploration to Central Promotion:The Influence Mechanism of Government Innovation Diffusion——A Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of 36 Cases

有关政府创新扩散的文献对各影响因素的分散研究较多,而对多因素的组合路径缺少探索。以此为出发点,文章运用清晰集定性比较分析方法(csQCA)研究了36项地方政府创新全面推广的多因素组合路径。结果表明:政治资源通过代理人和行政层级因素对地方创新扩散发挥作用;东部的地区性先进经验相比中西部更容易得到推广;创新评价机制应在注重地方效益的基础上更加关注推广能力;政府创新扩散存在显著的实践需求导向与渐进展开的次序逻辑。通过将研究结果置于地方创新与国家治理关系的问题框架内,可以得到两点实践启示:一是突出地方本位;二是提高作为创新推广正式渠道的科层组织政策议程对地方创新的主动吸纳程度。本研究对于从政府创新扩散的角度认识中国国家治理基本特点和规律有一定参考价值。今后研究有待于更多地结合国家治理结构以增强分析的深度和理论性。

Existing literatures on the topic of government innovation diffusion mainly focus on analysis of separate factors, with little attention to multi-factor-combination approaches. Responding to this research deficiency, this paper adopts the method of Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis(csQCA) to study the multifactor-combination approaches of the nation-wide diffusion of 36 local government innovations. The research results have several implications. First, political resources exert influence via factors of agent and administrative level. Second, innovations of the developed east are more likely to be popularized than those of the less developed west. Third, besides an emphasis on local benefit, the mechanism of innovation evaluation should pay more attention to possibility of diffusion. Last but not least, government innovation diffusion is significantly demand-driven and can be characterized by the logic of progressive order. In terms of the relationship between local government innovation and national governance, the research results’ practical meanings are twofold, i.e.,local government innovations should be locally oriented and the policy agenda of bureaucracy ought to be more open to local innovations. This paper may contribute to gaining some insightful perspective of the Chinese national governance from the viewpoint of government innovation diffusion. It is recommended that future researches in this area might consider integrating more with the structure of Chinese national governance for sake of in-depth theoretical analysis.