梯度泡沫铝的制备及力学性能研究进展

Research Development of Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Graded Aluminum Foam

梯度泡沫铝是一种具有多孔结构和高度可设计性的结构功能一体化材料。基于结构的特点,梯度泡沫铝在不同受力状态下具有独特的能量吸收行为,根据应用环境的需要可对其结构进行优化设计,因此梯度泡沫铝在减震吸能方面有巨大的潜能。结合国内外文献,概述了近些年有关梯度泡沫铝的制备及力学性能的主要研究进展。从固相法和液相法两方面介绍了梯度泡沫铝的主要制备方法,总结了梯度泡沫铝在准静态和动态压缩载荷下的力学响应,讨论了影响梯度泡沫铝吸能特性的因素。

Graded aluminum foam is a structurally functional integrated material with porous structure and high designability. Based on the characteristics of the structure, the graded aluminum foam has unique energy absorption behavior under different stress states, and its structure can be designed and optimized to satisfy the requirements of the application environment. Therefore, the graded aluminum foam has great potential in shock and energy absorption. Combining with domestic and foreign literatures, the main research progress in the preparation and mechanical properties of graded aluminum foam in recent years were summarized. The main preparation methods of graded aluminum foam were introduced from the aspects of solid phase method and liquid phase method. In addition, the mechanical response of the graded aluminum foam under quasi-static and dynamic compressive loads were presented, and then, the factors affecting the energy absorption characteristics of graded aluminum foam were discussed.