行动的理由能作为行动的证据吗?

Reasons for Action as Evidence for Action?

卡恩斯和斯塔尔提出“理由作为证据”的论题,并论证了“一个人实施某一行动的理由是他应当实施该行动的证据”。围绕“行动的正当性”这一主张所展开的争论最为激烈。这一主张的实质是:行动主体行动的规范性理由和他行动的规范性证据是共外延的,并且由此可引申出事实性的行动理由与行动证据的等同。一种“证据性理由”能把握行动理由与行动证据之间的这种关联。

Stephen Kearns and Daniel Star have recently proposed the thesis of“Reasons as Evidence”,and mainly argued that a reason to take a particular action is simply evidence that one ought to take this action. The most controversial point of this claim has been on the rightness of action. The essence of this claim can be expressed as: the normative reasons and the normative evidence for one’s actions are co - extensive,this brings us the suggestion that factive reasons for one’s actions are equal to his evidence for these actions. Moreover,a special kind of reasons named“evidential reasons”can hold this connection between reasons and evidence for action.