不同栽培基质条件对4种行道树苗木根系生长的影响

Effects of different planting matrices on the root growth of four roadside trees in Shanghai

【目的】通过模糊函数隶属法初步筛选出适合银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)和广玉兰(Magnolia grandiflora)4种行道树根系生长的栽培基质条件,改善上海市行道树生长状况,提高城市行道树生态服务功能。【方法】采用正交设计对影响银杏、香樟、悬铃木和广玉兰4种行道树根系生长的3个因素(填充颗粒粒径、结构土比例及土壤湿度)在4种水平上进行优化试验。【结果】不同栽培基质条件对4种行道树苗木根系生物量积累及发育的影响均达到显著水平。对银杏和广玉兰苗木根系干质量和根长影响最大的为填充颗粒粒径,其中适合银杏的最佳填充颗粒粒径分别为5 cm和1 cm,广玉兰的为5 cm和5 cm;对香樟根系生长影响最大的是填充颗粒粒径(最佳水平为3 cm)和土壤湿度(最佳水平为60%);对悬铃木苗木根系生长影响最大的为结构土比例(最佳水平为60%)和填充颗粒粒径(最佳水平为5 cm)。对银杏、香樟和悬铃木苗木根系生长影响最大的为结构土比例,其最佳水平均为20%;而对广玉兰苗木根系生长影响最大的是土壤填充颗粒粒径,最佳粒径为3 cm。【结论】处理8(填充颗粒粒径3 cm、结构土比例80%、土壤湿度50%)、处理11(填充颗粒粒径1 cm、结构土比例60%、土壤湿度80%)、处理8(填充颗粒粒径3 cm、结构土比例80%、土壤湿度50%)和处理6(填充颗粒粒径3 cm、结构土比例40%、土壤湿度80%)分别为银杏、香樟、黑铃木和广玉兰作为行道树在上海种植的适合基质条件。

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to improve the growth and natural urban ecosystems service functions of four roadside trees in Shanghai City.【Method】 An orthogonal design was used to study three factors(soil content diameter, proportion of structure soil, and soil moisture) under four levels that influenced the root growth of four roadside trees(Ginkgo biloba,Cinnamomum camphora, Platanus acerifolia and Magnolia grandiflora).【Result】 The results indicated that different treatments significantly influence root expansion and biomass accumulation. The best response level of factors for the dry weight of root and root length of G. biloba and M. grandiflora was soil content diameter, the best granule diameter of soil were 5 and 1 cm for G. biloba, and 5 and 5 cm for M. grandiflora. The best response level of factors were soil granule diameter and soil moisture for C. camphora;the best levels were 3 cm and 60%, respectively. The best respond level of factors were the proportion of structure soil and soil granule diameter;the best levels were 60% and 5 cm, respectively. The best response level of factors for the root growth of G. biloba, C. camphora and P. acerifolia were the proportion of structure soil;the best level were all 20%. However, the best response level of factors for M. grandiflora was soil granule diameter at 3 cm.【Conclusion】 Through the fuzzy membership method, appropriate substrates selected for G. biloba, C. camphora, P. acerifolia and M. grandiflora were treatment 8(granule diameter 3 cm, formula soil 80%, and soil moisture 50%), 11(granule diameter 1 cm, formula soil 60%, and soil moisture 80%), 8(granule diameter 3 cm, formula soil 80%, and soil moisture 50%), 6(granule diameter 3 cm, formula soil 40%, and soil moisture 80%), respectively.