无人机辅助授薄壳山核桃花粉对山核桃的结实效应

The fruit-xenia effects of Carya illinoensis pollination on C. cathayensis assisted by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

【目的】人工点粉、抖粉授薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis)花粉对山核桃(Carya cathayensis)结实有增效作用,但因工效低而不适合大面积应用。探讨无人机辅助授薄壳山核桃花粉对山核桃实生林分的结实效应,为山核桃大面积生产性应用辅助授粉提供参考。【方法】选取15年生山核桃实生林为研究对象,利用无人机喷洒按0.025%质量比调配成的薄壳山核桃花粉水溶液,采取连续面积逐株全果测定的方法测定处理与对照样区的果实产量及果质量、核质量、果仁质量等性状,运用Excel 2007进行统计分析。【结果】无人机辅助授薄壳山核桃花粉对山核桃果实有明显增效作用,能显著增加山核桃单位面积鲜果产量、单果质量、核质量及果径,但对果高、核高、核径、果仁质量无显著影响。与对照相比,单位面积鲜果增产37.16%;平均单个果实的果质量、核质量、果仁质量分别增加12.02%、5.98%、5.49%,果径增加4.81%。【结论】无人机可辅助对山核桃授薄壳山核桃花粉,由于无人机旋翼风力和种间杂交优势的双重影响,对山核桃果实有明显的增效作用。

【Objective】Some studies have suggested that Carya illinoensis artificial natural pollination could make significant synergies on C. cathayensis’s fruit. But the artificial pollination was difficult to be applied in large area because of its low efficiency. At present, the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) pollination with tens or even hundreds of times higher efficiency, had been only used in hybrid rice seed production, no literature had been reported in economic forests at home and abroad. To investigate the fruit-xenia effects of C. illinoensis pollination on C. cathayensis.【Method】The fruit production and characters of a 15-year seedling crop of C. cathayensis were measured after spaying pollen solution acquired from C. illinoensis at a concentration of 0.025%(m/m) by UAV. All data were statistically analyzed by mathematical statistics and Excel 2007.【Result】The UAV pollination of C. illinoensis had an extremely significant synergy effect on fresh fruit yield, as well as the weight of fruit, seed and fruit width of C. cathayensis. While no significant differences were found in the fruit height, seed height and width, kernel weight and yield. In contrast to the control, the fresh fruit yield per unit area had increased 37.16%. The weight of fruit, seed and kernel per unit had increased 12.02%, 5.98% and 5.49%, respectively. The fruit diameter had increased 4.81%.【Conclusion】unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-assisted pollination exhibited significant potentiation of hickory fertilization. This result caused by the higher wind power outputted by the UAV and the interspecific hybridization between hickory and pecan.