遥感技术在既有铁路地灾防治中应用方法研究

Application Research on the Remote Sensing Technology in Geological Disaster Prevention and Control of Existing Railway

研究目的:我国铁路运营里程已超过13万公里,其中山区铁路众多,沿线地质灾害多发,给铁路运营安全带来极大挑战。为探索既有铁路灾害防治经济高效的技术手段,研究利用三维遥感、雷达遥感、无人机遥感、卫星定位等技术手段,开展既有铁路沿线地质灾害筛查监测工作。研究结论:(1)通过高分辨率三维遥感解译技术,可实现既有线一定缓冲区内的滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等灾害的快速筛查,并通过数据解译更新,及时掌握既有铁路沿线灾害发育演变特征;(2)无人机遥感技术在局部高陡边坡、危岩落石及大型滑坡及错落等灾害调查中优势明显;(3)雷达干涉测量技术可作为边坡形变监测的有效手段;(4)建立基于北斗卫星定位系统的既有铁路地质灾害实时监测和信息管理系统,能够提升既有铁路防灾减灾和信息化管理水平;(5)本研究成果可广泛应用于山区铁路防灾减灾工作。

Research purposes: China's railway operation mileage has exceeded 130,000 kilometers,and there are many mountain railways with frequent geological hazards,which brought great challenges to operation safety. In order to explore economic and efficient technical means for hazard prevention and control,a comprehensive interpretation method,which based on the three-dimensional( 3 D) remote sensing,In SAR,unmanned aerial vehicle( UAV) remote sensing,and satellite navigation technique,was utilized for geological hazard screening and monitoring along the existing railways.Research conclusions:( 1) Through the high-resolution three-dimensional remote sensing interpretation technology,the geological hazards, like landslides, collapses, debris flows, could be quickly screened, and through data interpretation and update,the change characteristics of disasters along existing railways could be grasped in time.( 2) The UAV remote sensing technology had obvious advantages on regional high steep slopes,rockfalls and landslides investigation.( 3) The InSAR technology could be used as an effective means for slope deformation monitoring.( 4) Based on Beidou satellite navigation system,a real-time monitoring and information management system should be established to improve the level of hazard prevention and control.( 5) This research results can be widely applied for hazard prevention and mitigation of mountain railways.