减振扣件与弹性道床垫组合减振关键参数研究

Theoretical Research on the Key Dynamic Parameters of the Fastener-mattress Combined Vibration Damping Track

研究目的:减振扣件与弹性道床垫组合减振轨道的特点是在钢轨下和道床下同时设置减振层,轨道板厚度、扣件刚度、弹性道床垫刚度是影响列车运行品质和组合减振轨道减振性能的关键动力学参数。本文采用三维车辆-轨道耦合动力学计算模型,研究组合减振轨道关键动力学参数变化对车辆系统、轨道系统动力学性能及减振性能的影响规律。研究结论:(1)轨道板质量对各动力学指标的影响相对较小,轨道板的设计应以轨道基础预留空间和板自身的强度、耐久性要求作为控制指标;(2)与弹性道床垫配合使用的减振扣件系统的垂向刚度应大于15 k N/mm;(3)轨道板下垫层刚度取值应大于13 k N/mm3;(4)设计中宜适当提高扣件刚度,当弹性道床垫老化失去部分弹性功能后,可通过提高扣件弹性使其减振性能长期满足环保要求;(5)综合上述规律,提出了减振性能可达12 d B的扣件与弹性道床垫组合减振轨道的关键动力学参数取值方案,可为组合减振轨道的设计提供理论支持。

Research purposes: A combination type of vibration reduction track is that the damping layer arranged under the rail and the track plate respectively. The key dynamic parameters are track plate thickness,fastener stiffness and track mattress stiffness,which affecting the quality of train operation and vibration reduction performance of the track.Based upon the three dimensional vehicle-track coupling dynamic model,the influence of parameter variation on vehicle-track dynamic performance and vibration reduction performance is studied.Research conclusions:( 1) The influence of track plate quality on the dynamic indexes is relatively small,the design of the track slab should be based on the reserved space of track foundation and the strength and durability requirements of the track plate.( 2) The vertical stiffness of the fastening system combined with the elastic track mattress should be more than 15 kN/mm.( 3) The stiffness of cushion under the track slab should be greater than 13 kN/mm3.( 4) In the design,it is appropriate to improve the stiffness of the fastener. When the elastic mattress elasticity decreased after aging,effective measures to keep the damping performance of the track is to improve the elastic of the fastener.( 5) According to the above rules,the scheme of key dynamic parameters of combined vibration reduction track is proposed,and the damping capacity is up to 12 dB.