糖尿病足的筛查及护理干预在糖尿病患者中的应用效果

Effect research of diabetic foot screening and nursing intervention in diabetic patients

目的探讨糖尿病足(DF)的筛查及护理干预在糖尿病(DM)患者中的应用效果。方法选取2018年1~12月在我院治疗的326例DM患者,按照随机数字表法分为常规护理组和护理干预组,每组各163例。常规护理组提供降血糖治疗、健康教育及护理措施,有效控制血糖水平,未进行DF的筛查及护理。护理干预组在常规护理组的基础上应用表皮温度计、10g尼龙丝、Tip-therm、128Hz音叉、叩诊锤,40g疼痛笔等6件套神经病变筛查工具对DM患者进行足部筛查,并对患者进行洗脚护理措施、鞋袜选择措施、足部日常检查措施、趾甲修剪措施等护理干预。考察两组的血糖控制、护理干预措施依从率及DM患者足部疾病的发生率。结果两组的平均空腹血糖比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。护理干预组洗脚、鞋袜选择、足部日常检查、趾甲修剪及水疱及真菌感染发生后就诊等依从率显著高于常规护理组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理干预组DF发生率显著低于常规护理组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过对DM患者有效的DF筛查及护理干预,可有效控制血糖水平并减少DF的发生,具有较高的临床推广价值。

Objective To research the effect of diabetic foot(DF)screening and nursing intervention used in diabetic patients(DM).Methods From January to December 2018,326 patients with DM)treated in our hospital were selected and divided into routine nursing group(n=163)and nursing intervention group(n=163)according to random number table method.The routine nursing group was provided hypoglycemic treatment,health education and nursing measures and effectively controlled the blood glucose level.In the nursing intervention group,6 neuropathy screening tools,including epidermis thermometer,10 g nylon wire,Tip-therm,128 Hz tuning fork,percussion hammer and 40 g pain pen,were used to screen on the base of routine nursing group and protect the foot of DM patients.Nursing measures of foot washing,selection of shoes and socks,daily inspection of foot,pruning of toenails and so on were carried out to guide the nursing behavior of the patients.The blood glucose control,nursing intervention compliance rate and the incidence of foot diseases in DM patients were investigated.Results There was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose between the two groups(P>0.05).The follow-up rates of foot-washing,stocking selection,foot-to-day examination,toenail trimming and blister and fungal infection in the nursing intervention group were significantly higher than that of the conventional nursing group(P<0.05).The incidence of DF in the nursing intervention group was significantly lower than that in the routine nursing group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Through effective DF screening and nursing intervention,the blood glucose level can be effectively controlled and the occurrence of DF can be reduced,which has important clinical promotion value.