理境:陆云对赋体之开拓

Reasoning Context: the Development of Fu-style Literature by Lu Yun

理境,不惟是诗,也是赋的基本审美形态。从对话说理,到通篇说理;再从单纯说理,到藉象说理,使赋之说理,从最初游离于文本体物言志的书写体系之外,逐渐融入文本体物言志的书写体系之中,从而形成理境。赋之理境的形成,楚辞开其端,汉赋拓其宇,魏晋毕其功。其中,陆云是魏晋赋理境形成的关键人物。因象成思,藉思成理,由本质抽象,到哲理升华,从而使象、情、理构成互生互证的圆融关系,是其理境的营构特点;藉象言理,藉事说理,藉志成理,是其理境的展开方式。寓理于象,理由象生;藉思成理,情理合一;说理精警,清省雅洁,是其理境的审美形态。

Reasoning context is the basic aesthetic form not only applied in poetry,but also in Fu-style literature,in which reasoning can be found from dialogues to the whole discourse and the common application of reasoning from pure argument to reasoning by virtue of images is no short of evidence,rendering the reasoning of Fu-style works gradually integrated into the writing system of texts out of the initial hovering beyond the writing system of texts and finally bringing the reasoning context into shape.The reasoning context of Fu-style literature was derived from“the Songs of Chu”,expanded through the Fu-style literature of Han Dynasty and accomplished in Wei and Jin Dynasties,during which Lu Yun is the key figure in the formation of reasoning contexts in Fu-style literature.The construction of the reasoning context of Lu Yun’s Fu-style works is characterized by spurring reflections with images and then achieving reasoning with such reflections,in which the lines run from essential abstraction to reasoning sublimation so as to eventually achieve a harmonious relationship among images,emotions and reasoning.Moreover,the unfolding pattern of reasoning in Lu Yun’s works is to expose reasoning with the help of images,to elaborate reasoning with the aid of events and to accomplish reasoning by resorting to aspirations.In the Fu-style works of Lu Yun,the aesthetic form of his reasoning context shows that the reasoning is implied in and generated from images,reflections are maneuvered for reasoning establishment so that reflections and reasoning can be merged as one and his reasoning is extractive,thought-provoking,sobering,elegant and terse.