论建安诗歌中的“死亡”母题

On the Motif of “Death” in Jian’an Poetry

建安诗歌不仅确立了“建安风骨”这一诗歌美学范畴,而且普遍而深刻地反映了中国文学中的“死亡”母题。值得注意的是,虽然建安诗人们对人生苦短的体验大体相似,但对生命或者说对死亡的超越方式便不尽相同。主要表现为:或叹逝者如斯,须及时建功立业;或力图突破天命的限制;或觉人生苦短,须及时行乐;亦或徒然感叹人生苦短。建安诗人常采取以“暮、秋”等为关键词的意象模式以及“人生如朝露”的惯用语的语言形式来表现这一母题。建安诗歌之所以频繁表现这一母题,是时代背景和个人遭遇双重影响的必然结果。

Jian’an poetry not only established the poetic aesthetic category of“Jian’an wind bone”,but also generally and profoundly reflected the“death”motif in Chinese literature.It is worth noting that although the experience of the short life of the people in Jianan is roughly similar,the way of transcendence of life or death is different.The main performance is:or sigh lament,must be timely to build,or try to break through the limits of destiny,or feel that life is short,must have fun in time,or lament in vain that life is short.Jian’an poets often adopt the image pattern of“Twilight and Autumn”as the key words and the language form of the idiom“life is like a dew”to express this motif.The frequent manifestation of this motif in Jian’an poetry is the inevitable result of the background of the Times and the double influence of individual encounters.