生态脆弱区农民环境意识与行为研究——以山东省典型盐渍化区为例

Farmers’ Environmental Awareness and Behavior in Ecologically Fragile Areas:Taking Typical Salinized Areas in Shandong Province as Example

以山东省东营市、德州市典型盐渍化区为案例区,采用问卷调查为主、走访与观察为辅的方法对农民的环境意识与行为进行调查分析。结果表明:(1)农民环境认知程度较高,了解盐碱地利用、秸秆和地膜处理的一些常识;环境理念综合得分不高,农民不熟悉环境污染的专业名词,不认可化肥、农药给农业环境带来污染。(2)农民环境行为综合得分偏高,处理生活垃圾、动物粪便以及秸秆的行为较为合理,能够综合利用有机肥和各种盐碱地的改良技术。(3)农民环境意识与环境行为之间存在不一致性,环境行为水平的高低还受到农村基础条件和国家政策等的综合影响。

Taking the typical salinized areas in Dongying and Dezhou City,Shandong Province as study area,this paper investigated and analyzed farmers’environmental awareness and behavior with methods of questionnaire survey,interview and observation.The results showed that:(1)Farmers have a higher awareness of the environment,know common knowledge of saline-alkali land utilization,straw and mulch film treatment.Comprehensive scores of environmental concepts are not high,farmers are not familiar with professional terms of environmental pollution,and do not recognize that chemical fertilizers and pesticides bring pollution to the agricultural environment.(2)Comprehensive score of environmental behavior is high.Farmers dispose domestic refuse,animal manure and straw reasonably and can make comprehensive use of organic fertilizer and various saline-alkali land improvement technologies.(3)There are inconsistencies between farmers’environmental awareness and behavior,and the level of environmental behavior is also affected by rural basic conditions and national policies.